Corroborative Research
Cognition and aging: Verbal learning, memory, and problem solving
Publication: Am Psychol
Authors: Schaie KW
Publication year, pages: 1994; 49:304-313
Sample Size: 5000
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
integrative
findings are provided on patterns and magnitudes of age changes, cohort
differences, factor structure of mental abilities, antecedents for
individual differences in aging trajectories, and interventions
designed to remediate cognitive aging effects
Status: Published.
Key Words: intellectual abilities, Seattle longitudinal study, cognitive aging.
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8203802
Cognition and aging: Verbal learning, memory, and problem solving
Publication: Gerontologist
Authors: Schaie KW
Publication year, pages: 1989; 29:484-493
Sample Size: 5000.
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
using
occurrence of significant decline in cognitive abilities as an
exemplar, hazard functions are presented that allow the assessment of
risk for future decline, as well as the prediction of the calendar age
when individuals can expect cognitive decline under alternative
assumptions.
Status: Published.
Key Words: cognitive decline, Seattle longitudinal study, cognitive aging.
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2521108
The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition
Publication: Psychol Rev
Authors: Salthouse TA
Publication year, pages: 1996;103: 403-428
Sample Size: --.
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
cognitive
performance is degraded when processing is slow because relevant
operations cannot be successfully executed (limited time) and because
the products of early processing may no longer be available when later
processing is complete (simultaneity).
Status: Published.
Key Words: age-related differences, processing speed
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8759042
Normal aging and forgetting rates on the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised
Publication: Arch Clin Neuropsychol
Authors: Cullum CM, Butters N, Trצster AI, Salmon DP
Publication year, pages: 1990;5:23-30
Sample Size: --.
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
Despite
equivalent scores on measures of global cognitive status and
attention/concentration, the older group demonstrated significantly
more rapid forgetting rates on the Visual Reproduction, Verbal Paired
Associates, and Visual Paired Associates subtests of the WMS-R.
Status: Published.
Key Words: cognitive abilities, Alzheimer disease, normal elderly
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14589541
Aging, fitness and neurocognitive function
Publication: Nature
Authors: Kramer AF, Hahn S, Cohen NJ, et al
Publication year, pages: 1999;400: 418-419
Sample Size: 124
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
those who
received aerobic training showed substantial improvements in
performance on tasks requiring executive control compared with
anaerobically trained subjects.
Status: Published.
Key Words: aerobic and anaerobic exercise, aging, cognitive processes
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10440369
Age differences in cognitive performance in later life: Relationships to self-reported health and activity life style
Publication: Journal of Gerontology
Authors: Hultsch, DF, Hammer, M, and Small, BJ
Publication year, pages: 1993; 48, 1–11
Sample Size: 484
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
individual differences in self-reported health and activity predicted
performance on multiple cognitive measures. Additionally, self-reported
health was more predictive of processing resource variables than
knowledge-based abilities, interaction effects indicated that
participation in cognitively demanding activities was more highly
related to performance on some measures for older adults than for
middle-aged adults.
Status: Published.
Key Words: individual differences, information processing, cognitive tasks
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8418144
Use it or lose it: Engaged lifestyle as a buffer of cognitive decline in aging?
Publication: Psychology and Aging
Authors: Hultsch, DF Hertzog, C Small, BJ and Dixon, RA
Publication year, pages: 1999, 14, 245–263
Sample Size: 250
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
There was a relationship between changes in intellectually related activities and changes in cognitive functioning.
Status: Published.
Key Words: Victoria Longitudinal Study, cognitive decline, lifestyle
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10403712
What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept
Publication: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
Authors: Stern, Y
Publication year, pages: 2002; 8,448–460
Sample Size: --
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
Cognitive
reserve may be based on more efficient utilization of brain networks or
of enhanced ability to recruit alternate brain networks as needed. A
distinction is suggested between reserve, the ability to optimize or
maximize normal performance, and compensation, an attempt to maximize
performance in the face of brain damage by using brain structures or
networks not engaged when the brain is not damaged.
Status: Published.
Key Words: cognitive reserve, cognitive performance
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11939702
Age and visual search: expanding the useful field of view
Publication: J Opt Soc Am A
Authors: Ball KK, Beard BL, Roenker DL, Miller RL, Griggs DS
Publication year, pages: 1988; 5: 2210-2219
Sample Size: --
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
found a reduction in the size of the field as a function of age
Status: Published.
Key Words: aging, useful field of view
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3230491
Training the elderly on the ability factors of spatial orientation and inductive reasoning
Publication: Psychol Aging
Authors: Willis SL, Schaie KW
Publication year, pages: 1986; 1: 239-247
Sample Size: 5000
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
Significant
training effects, at the level of the latent ability constructs,
occurred for both spatial orientation and inductive reasoning.
Status: Published.
Key Words: cognitive training, elderly
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3267404
Improving memory performance in the aged through mnemonic training: a meta-analytic study
Publication: Psychol Aging
Authors: Verhaeghen P, Marcoen A, Goossens L
Publication year, pages: 1992; 7: 242-251
Sample Size: --
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
Treatment
gains in training groups were negatively affected by age of
participants and duration of training sessions and positively affected
by group treatment, pretraining, and memory-related interventions.
Status: Published.
Key Words: memory training, healthy elders
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1535198
The impact of long-term exercise training on psychological function in older adults
Publication: J Gerontol
Authors: Hill RD, Storandt M, Malley M
Publication year, pages: 1993; 48:P12-P17
Sample Size: 87
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
In
addition to improved cardiovascular fitness, a positive change in
self-reported morale was found for the exercise condition. a
significant effect was noted for the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)
Logical Memory subtest.
Status: Published.
Key Words: sedentary older adults, cognitive abilities, training
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8418145
Multiple Sclerosis: magnetic resonance imaging, evoked responses and spinal fluid electrophoresis
Publication: Neurology
Authors: Farlow MR, Markand ON, Edwards MK, Stevens JC, Kolar OJ
Publication year, pages:< 1984; 36: 828-31
Sample Size: 39
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
MRI showed multiple lesions in 71%, and ER abnormalities were found in 41%
Status: Published.
Key Words: Multiple Sclerosis, MRI, ER
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3703290
Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
Publication: Neurology
Authors: Rao SM, Leo GJ, Bernardin L, Unverzagt F
Publication year, pages: 1991; 41: 685-91
Sample Size: --
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
disease
modifying medications can have an impact on magnetic resonance imaging
disease activity by altering the cerebral demyelinating process
resulting in a slower decline in cognitive functions over time and
improved activities of daily living for patients with multiple
sclerosis.
Status: Published.
Key Words: Multiple Sclerosis, Cognition
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12858063
Life and death of neurons in the aging brain
Publication: Science
Authors: Morrison JH, Hof PR
Publication year, pages: 1997; 278:412-419
Sample Size: --
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
the
primary neurobiological substrates for functional impairment in aging
differ in important ways from those in neurodegenerative disorders such
as Alzheimer's disease.
Status: Published.
Key Words: Aging, Brain areas, Cognitive impairments
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9334292
Aging and neuronal replacement
Publication: Ageing Res. Rev
Authors: Brazel, CY and Rao, MS
Publication year, pages: 2004; 3, 465–483
Sample Size: --
Results, Conclusions and Implications:
neural
stem cells can be transplanted into injured regions of the adult brain
to enhance compensatory neurogenesis from endogenous precursors.
Pre-differentiation of neural stem cells into immature neurons prior to
transplantation can also aid in functional recovery following injury or
disease
Status: Published.
Key Words: Neural cells, Adult brain<
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15541712